Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk b\u00fdv\u00e1 v \u010desk\u00e9 pam\u011bti pevn\u011b ukotven jako symbol demokracie, humanismu a vzd\u011blanosti. \u010casto je tak\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako jeden z \u201eotc\u016f zakladatel\u016f\u201c modern\u00edho pojet\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 rovnosti a jako autorita, ke kter\u00e9 se hl\u00e1sily i meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 feministick\u00e9 proudy. M\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1mou kapitolou jeho my\u0161len\u00ed v\u0161ak je jeho pon\u011bkud ambivalentn\u00ed, m\u00edsty a\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bo dm\u00edtav\u00fd postoj k antikoncepci a kontrole po\u010det\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee byl Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vzd\u011blan\u00fd, humanisticky orientovan\u00fd a v mnoha ohledech pokrokov\u00fd myslitel, antikoncepci nevn\u00edmal jako v\u00fddobytek modern\u00ed v\u011bdy, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zlep\u0161it situaci zraniteln\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch skupin (chud\u00fdch rodin a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017een). Naopak, jeho postoj k\u00a0antikoncepci byl siln\u011b negativn\u00ed. Jeho odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e9 regulace po\u010det\u00ed vych\u00e1zelo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0kritiky mravn\u00ed. Konzervativn\u00ed n\u00e1zor zast\u00e1val i ke v\u0161em projev\u016fm sexuality nesm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k po\u010det\u00ed. Dle britsk\u00e9ho bohemisty Roberta Pynsenta psal Masaryk o sexualit\u011b jen v\u00a0negativn\u00edm smyslu, a je\u0161t\u011b po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se d\u011bsil revoluce v\u00a0pohlavn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. 2<\/sup> Opakovan\u011b se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il o pohlavn\u00edm pudu jako o n\u011b\u010dem zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm, co m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zcela kontrolov\u00e1no (a potla\u010deno) rozumem. Petr Z\u00eddek ve sv\u00e9 knize Utajen\u00e1 l\u00e1ska prezidenta Masaryka zmi\u0148uje, \u017ee Masarykovy postoje k intimit\u011b mohly souviset s vlivem jeho man\u017eelky Charlotty, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u011blesnosti a sexualit\u011b byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za siln\u011b purit\u00e1nsk\u00fd. 4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd ale nen\u00ed jen postoj Masaryk\u016fv, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vliv, kter\u00fd mohl m\u00edt v\u00a0r\u00e1mci meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm liber\u00e1ln\u00ed proud \u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed Masaryka \u010dasto citoval a stav\u011bl do role mor\u00e1ln\u00ed i intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed autority. Jak upozor\u0148uje kolektiv autorek publikace Iluze sp\u00e1sy, Masaryk se stal ji\u017e na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed ideologem liber\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed a po vzniku republiky se jeho vliv je\u0161t\u011b pos\u00edlil. Ambivalence objevuj\u00edc\u00ed se v Masarykov\u011b postoji, tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje liber\u00e1ln\u00edho feminismu v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b jeho postoje k\u00a0c\u00edlen\u00e9 regulaci po\u010det\u00ed. Liber\u00e1ln\u00ed proud \u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed se toti\u017e p\u0159i nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 f\u00e1zi formoval v siln\u00e9 vazb\u011b na Masarykovu autoritu \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b jeho etick\u00fdch limit\u016f. A ot\u00e1zky spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0reprodukc\u00ed a t\u011blesnost\u00ed tak nebyly jen medic\u00ednsk\u00fdm nebo intimn\u00edm t\u00e9matem, ale tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zkou mor\u00e1lky, spole\u010dnosti a \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u017eivota\u201c. Masaryk\u016fv postoj k\u00a0antikoncepci tak m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed toho, pro\u010d se \u010d\u00e1st liber\u00e1ln\u00edho feminismu stav\u011bla k ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m sexuality a reprodukce pom\u011brn\u011b rezervovan\u011b \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b v souladu s tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u201emasarykovsk\u00fdm\u201c etick\u00fdm r\u00e1mcem. O tom, jak se k\u00a0propagaci antikoncepce stav\u011bla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 \u017eensk\u00e1 organizace \u017densk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada, zase n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Zdroje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1 MASARYK, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue. Mravn\u00ed n\u00e1zory. Praha, 1923, s. 142. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk b\u00fdv\u00e1 v \u010desk\u00e9 pam\u011bti pevn\u011b ukotven jako symbol demokracie, humanismu a vzd\u011blanosti. \u010casto je tak\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako jeden z \u201eotc\u016f zakladatel\u016f\u201c modern\u00edho pojet\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 rovnosti a jako autorita, ke kter\u00e9 se hl\u00e1sily i meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 feministick\u00e9 proudy. M\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1mou kapitolou jeho my\u0161len\u00ed v\u0161ak je jeho pon\u011bkud ambivalentn\u00ed, m\u00edsty a\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bo dm\u00edtav\u00fd postoj k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=652"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":683,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/652\/revisions\/683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antikontexty.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Ostr\u00e9 formulace nach\u00e1z\u00edme nap\u0159\u00edklad v Masarykov\u00fdch textech z po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed, v\u00a0nich\u017e antikoncepci ozna\u010doval za \u201eman\u017eelskou onanii\u201c a varoval p\u0159ed jej\u00edm roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ve sv\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce Mravn\u00ed n\u00e1zory nap\u0159\u00edklad uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eVedle abort\u016f i mechanick\u00e9 zamezov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010det\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 se obvykl\u00fdm zlem modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Tato man\u017eelsk\u00e1 onanie z Francie znen\u00e1hla po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b se rozho\u0161\u0165uje; v na\u0161ich den\u00edc\u00edch (i nejlep\u0161\u00edch) se firmy doporu\u010duj\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou poslou\u017eiti v t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b. Stane se jinde, co ve Francii se stalo, na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b vytrat\u00ed se n\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a mravn\u00e9 pocity rodinn\u00e9, na druh\u00e9 degeneruje se obyvatelstvo fysicky.\u201c 1<\/sup> Masaryk v\u00a0t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota modern\u00ed antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky jasn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1, nav\u00edc zatracuje i jin\u00e9, pozd\u011bji katolickou c\u00edrkv\u00ed akceptovan\u00e9, metody pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed, jako je v\u00fdpo\u010det plodn\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Za legitimn\u00ed cestu regulace po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed pova\u017euje pouze sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed abstinenci.
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Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd posun v Masarykov\u011b my\u0161len\u00ed v\u0161ak nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech jeho \u017eivota, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v obdob\u00ed vztahu s Oldrou Sedlmayerovou, kdy Masaryk nejen p\u0159ehodnotil sv\u00e9 postoje k antikoncep\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm, ale je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee je s\u00e1m aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval. 3<\/sup> To otev\u00edr\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, nakolik byly jeho d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoje absolutn\u00ed z\u00e1sadou a nakolik sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdrazem dobov\u00e9ho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce a osobn\u00ed discipl\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\nMasaryk jako inspirace \u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm aktivistky sdru\u017een\u00e9 kolem \u017densk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady \u201ea\u017e nekriticky p\u0159ej\u00edmaly j\u00edm vyty\u010den\u00e9 koleje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tzv. \u017eensk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.\u201c 5<\/sup>
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2 PYNSENT, Robert B. \u010e\u00e1blov\u00e9, \u017eeny a n\u00e1rod: V\u00fdbor z \u00favah o \u010desk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e. Praha, 2008, s. 173.
3 Srov. Z\u00cdDEK, Petr. Utajen\u00e1 l\u00e1ska prezidenta Masaryka: Oldra Sedlmayerov\u00e1 (1884-1954). Praha,
2017.
4 Z\u00cdDEK, Petr. Utajen\u00e1 l\u00e1ska prezidenta Masaryka: Oldra Sedlmayerov\u00e1 (1884-1954). Praha, 2017, s.
128.
5 BAHENSK\u00c1, Marie, MUSILOV\u00c1, Dana a HECZKOV\u00c1, Libu\u0161e, Iluze sp\u00e1sy, s. 214.<\/p>\n\n\n\n